Countering Domestic Racially and Ethnically Motivated Violent Terrorism on Social Media

Introducing the Racist and Violent Extremist Flock Tool

by Daniel Tapia, Kristin Warren, Jacqueline Gardner Burns, Khrystyna Holynska, Jordan R. Reimer, Peter Schirmer, Will Shumate

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Racially and ethnically motivated violent extremism is becoming an increasingly common occurrence in the United States. Racially and ethnically motivated violent extremist (REMVE)–related terrorism has consequences beyond loss of life: It undermines the sense of safety that targeted groups feel in their country and unravels the social fabrics of trust that are necessary for society to function. Further still, REMVE attacks can motivate other like-minded attackers to follow up with their own attacks, as was apparently the case with the May 14, 2022, mass shooting in Buffalo, New York, by a self-avowed, internet-radicalized white supremacist whose manifesto drew heavily from the March 15, 2019, Christchurch mosque mass shootings, which also inspired a mass shooting in El Paso, Texas.

Two key challenges for those who observe online spaces in which radicalization occurs are the sheer volume of data and the idiosyncrasies of online communities. Website-specific language and memes are difficult to track and parse; even if emerging terms are detected, defining them can be difficult.

RAND Corporation researchers developed the Racist and Violent Extremist Flock (RVE-Flock) tool to explore and analyze textual content on REMVE-affiliated social media. The user can identify emerging terms used in REMVE communities and trends on internet platforms. In this guide, the authors characterize term proliferation in online communities by exploring various REMVE terms and demonstrate the tool's functionality. To conclude, the authors identify additional applications of this work and potential refinements of the tool.

Table of Contents

  • Chapter One

    Introduction

  • Chapter Two

    The Landscape of Similar Tools and Gaps in the Market

  • Chapter Three

    Emergence Patterns from Fringe to Mainstream

  • Chapter Four

    The RVE-Flock Tool

  • Chapter Five

    The Trending Lexicon

  • Chapter Six

    Areas for Future Development

  • Chapter Seven

    RVE-Flock Concluding Thoughts

  • Appendix A

    Additional Market Research

  • Appendix B

    Selecting REMVE Terms

  • Appendix C

    Term Emergence Exemplars

  • Appendix D

    How Racially and Ethnically Motivated Violent Extremist Actors Use the Internet Before Attacks

Funding for this research was made possible by the independent research and development provisions of RAND Corporation contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers. This research was conducted in the Management, Technology, and Capabilities Program of the RAND Homeland Security Research Division (HSRD).

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